Understanding Headstone Terminology: A Beginner’s Guide
When the time comes to select a headstone or grave marker for a loved one, the process can feel overwhelming. Not only are there many styles, materials, and customization options, but the terminology used in the industry can be unfamiliar. Understanding the key terms will help you make informed decisions while ensuring the memorial reflects the legacy of your loved one. Learn more from Tegeler Monument Company.
Types of Headstones and Grave Markers
1. Upright Headstone
An upright headstone, also called a monument, is a vertical marker set on a base. This is the most traditional and commonly used style, offering ample space for engraving names, dates, and personal inscriptions.2. Flat Marker (Flush Marker)
A flat grave marker, also known as a flush marker, is a simple, flat plaque that sits at ground level. These are often made of granite or bronze and provide a clean, minimalistic look.3. Bevel Marker
A bevel marker, or beveled headstone, is similar to a flat marker but has a slightly raised back, creating a gentle slant. This makes the inscription easier to read while maintaining a low-profile appearance.4. Slant Marker
A slant marker is taller than a bevel marker, typically standing 12 to 18 inches high. It has a steeply slanted front, making the engraving more visible while still offering a compact design.5. Ledger
A ledger marker is a large, flat stone that covers the entire length of the grave. It can be engraved with inscriptions, epitaphs, and decorative elements.6. Mausoleum
A mausoleum is a free-standing structure designed to hold the remains of one or more individuals. This can be an above-ground burial option for families or individuals who prefer an enclosed space.7. Columbarium
A columbarium is a structure designed to hold urns containing cremated remains. These can be found in cemeteries, churches, or memorial gardens.Cemetery Regulations and Burial Site Considerations
1. Perpetual Care
Some cemeteries require a perpetual care fee, which covers the long-term maintenance and upkeep of the burial site. This ensures that landscaping, cleaning, and repairs are managed.2. Burial Rights vs. Ownership
When purchasing a grave plot, families do not own the land but instead purchase burial rights for the designated space. The cemetery retains ownership of the land.3. Section and Lot Number
Each grave is assigned a section, lot, and grave number, making it easier for cemetery staff and visitors to locate specific burial sites.4. Cemetery-Specific Rules
Some cemeteries have restrictions on headstone materials, sizes, and designs. Always check with the cemetery before purchasing a memorial.5. Temporary Markers
Until a permanent headstone is installed, cemeteries may provide temporary grave markers to identify the burial site.6. Grave Liner vs. Vault
- A grave liner is a basic protective structure that surrounds the casket to prevent the ground from collapsing.
- A burial vault is a more durable, sealed structure that provides additional protection.
Common Materials Used in Headstones
1. Granite
Granite headstones are the most popular choice due to their durability and variety of colors. They can withstand harsh weather conditions and allow for detailed engraving.2. Marble
Marble offers a classic and elegant look but is less durable than granite. Over time, inscriptions on marble headstones may become less legible due to weathering.3. Bronze
Bronze is commonly used for plaques and flat markers, either on its own or mounted onto granite bases. It provides a timeless and distinguished appearance with minimal maintenance required.4. Limestone & Sandstone
Limestone and sandstone were historically used for headstones but are now less common due to their tendency to erode over time.Headstone Engraving and Personalization Terms
1. Inscription
The inscription refers to the text engraved on the headstone. This typically includes the name, birth date, and passing date, along with an epitaph or personal message.2. Epitaph
An epitaph is a short phrase or sentence engraved on a headstone that reflects the life, beliefs, or values of the deceased. Examples include religious verses, quotes, or personal sentiments.3. Bas-Relief
Bas-relief is a sculpting technique where an image or design is carved into the stone, creating a raised effect. This is commonly used for portraits, religious symbols, or floral designs.4. Lithichrome
Lithichrome paint is a special type of paint used to enhance engraved letters and designs on headstones. It comes in various colors, with black and white being the most common.5. Cameo Photo (Porcelain or Etched Photo)
A cameo photo is a ceramic or porcelain portrait that is attached to the headstone. Alternatively, an etched photo can be laser-engraved directly onto the stone.6. Monument Etching & Sandblasting
- Etching uses a laser or hand-carving technique to create detailed portraits or images on polished granite headstones.
- Sandblasting is the most common method for engraving letters and designs into the stone.
Additional Features and Terms
1. Base & Die
An upright headstone is typically made of two parts:- The die is the vertical portion with inscriptions.
- The base is the horizontal foundation that supports the die.